Marsh Mars | Important Facts of Mars | All about Mars
Mars location in the Solar System:
Mars is the fourth nearest planet from the Sun after Mercury, Venus & Earth. According to the information so far, there is no life on Mars, The average distance of the Mars from the Sun is about 230 million kilometers 0r 143 million miles.
This distance is equivalent to 1.5 Astronomical Unit.
Mars is second smallest planet in the solar system, being larger than Mercury. Mars is also called Red Planet and its name kept on Roman God of War. The Mars is red due to presence of Iron Oxide on its surface which gives reddish appearance.
Mars is a terrestrial planet and it has thin atmosphere.
Mars & Earth Comparison
Mars is approximately half the diameter of Earth and its surface area is less than the total area of Earth’s dry land (Land area). Mars is less dense than Earth, having 15% of Earth’s Volume and 11% of earth’s mass, resulting in about 38% of earth’s surface gravity.
Its Diameter is 6794 km on equator.
One Year on Mars is 686.971 (Earth) day
One Day of Mars is 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds.
Moons of Mars
The Mars have two moons Phobos and Deimos. They are irregular in shape. Both were discovered by American astronomer Asaph Hall and are named after the Greek mythological twin characters Phobos (fear) and Deimos (panic) who accompanied their father Ares into battle. Ares, god of war, was known to the Romans as Mars.
Physical Features of Mars:
|
Mean Radius |
3389.5 Km |
|
Radius at Equator |
3396.2 Km |
|
Polar Radius |
3376.2 Km |
|
Circumference (on Equator) |
21344 Km |
|
Total Surface Area |
144798500 Km² |
|
Mass |
6.4171×10²³ kg |
|
Surface Gravity |
3.72076 m / s² |
|
Escape Velocity |
5.027 km / s |
|
Rotation Time |
24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds |
|
Rotation Speed |
868.22 km / h (241.17 m / s) |
|
Orbital Period |
686.971 (Earth) day |
|
Average Orbital speed |
24.007 km/s or 86430 km/hour |
|
Angle of Inclination |
25.19° |
Mars Rotation & Revolution
1. The average distance of the Mars from the Sun is about 230 million km (143 million miles).
2. Mars rotates counter clockwise like other planets except Venus (rotates in Clockwise) axis.
3. The Mars takes 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds to complete one rotation.
The Mars rotates counter Clockwise on its axis at a speed of 868.22 km / h (241.17 m / s).
4. Mars takes 686.971 (Earth) days to complete one revolution of the Sun.
The Mars revolves around the Sun and at a speed of 24.007 km/s or 86430 km/hour.
5. The Mars's axis tilts to 25.19⁰ to its orbital plane.
Surface Geology
Mars is a terrestrial planet that consists of minerals containing silicon and oxygen, metals, and other elements that typically make up rock. The surface of Mars is primarily composed of tholeiitic basalt, although parts are more silica-rich than typical basalt and may be similar to andesitic rocks on Earth or silica glass. Regions of low albedo suggest concentrations of plagioclase feldspar, with northern low albedo regions displaying higher than normal concentrations of sheet silicates and high-silicon glass. Parts of the southern highlands include detectable amounts of high-calcium pyroxenes. Localized concentrations of hematite and olivine have been found. Much of the surface is deeply covered by finely grained iron oxide dust.
Atmosphere of Mars
Average surface pressure 610 Pa (90.088 psi)
Atmosphere Composition by Volume:
|
Nitrogen |
2.6% |
|
Oxygen |
0.174% |
|
Argon |
1.9% |
|
Carbon dioxide |
95.32% |
|
Carbon monoxide |
0.0747% |
|
Water Vapour |
0.03% 9variable) |
|
Others gas |
Negligible amount |
Polar caps of Mars
Mars has two permanent polar ice caps. During a pole's winter, it lies in continuous darkness, chilling the surface and causing the deposition of 25–30% of the atmosphere into slabs of CO2 ice (dry ice). When the poles are again exposed to sunlight, the frozen CO2 change to gas. These seasonal actions transport large amounts of dust and water vapour, giving rise to Earth-like frost and large cirrus cloud.
The caps at both poles consist primarily (70%) of water ice. Frozen carbon dioxide accumulates as a comparatively thin layer about one metre thick on the north cap in the northern winter only, whereas the south cap has a permanent dry ice cover about eight metres thick.
Hydrology (Water)
Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1% of that of Earth’s, except at the lowest elevations for short periods.
The two polar Ice Caps of mars appear to be made largely of water. The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted, would be sufficient to cover the whole surface of mars to depth of 11 meters (36 ft)
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