Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as just diabetes, is a category of metabolic disorders characterised by a persistently elevated blood sugar level.
Symptoms of Diabetes:
Diabetes are caused by rising blood sugar.
Diabetes General symptoms are:
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Increased appetit
- Weight loss
- Extreme fatigue
- Sores that don’t heal
Some other symptoms in Women with diabetes are dry, itchy skin,urinary tract infections & yeast infections.
Diabetes, if left unchecked, can lead to a slew of health issues.
Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, and death are all examples of acute complications. Cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, nerve injury, eye damage, and cognitive disability are all serious long-term complications.
Causes of Diabetes:
Diabetes is caused by either a lack of insulin production by the pancreas or a lack of insulin response by the body's cells.
Types of Diabetes:
Diabetes mellitus is divided into two main types:
Type 1 Diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the lack of beta cells in the pancreas, which prevents the pancreas from producing enough insulin. Previously, this condition was known as "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) or "juvenile diabetes." An autoimmune reaction causes the loss of beta cells.
Type 2 Diabetes:
Insulin resistance, a disease in which cells do not respond properly to insulin, is the first step in the development of type 2 diabetes. A lack of insulin can also evolve as the disease progresses. "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) or "adult-onset diabetes" were historically used to describe this condition. Excessive body weight combined with inadequate exercise is the most common cause.
Prevention of Diabetes:
There is no known way to avoid type 1 diabetes.
Maintaining a healthy body weight, engaging in physical activity, and consuming a healthy diet can also avoid or postpone type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 85–90 percent of all cases worldwide. Physical activity that lasts longer (more than 90 minutes a day) lowers the risk of diabetes by 28%. Maintaining a diet rich in whole grains and fibre, as well as selecting healthy fats like the polyunsaturated fats contained in nuts, vegetable oils, and fish, are considered to be successful in preventing diabetes. Sugary drinks should be avoided, and consuming fewer red meat and other saturated fat sources will help prevent diabetes. Tobacco use has also been linked to an increased risk of diabetes and its complications, so quitting smoking can be a valuable preventive measure.
Management of Diabetes:
The aim of diabetes management is to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible without causing low blood sugar. Dietary shifts, exercise, weight loss, and the use of effective drugs are normally enough to achieve this (insulin, oral medications).
Change your way of life:
With the aim of maintaining both short-term and long-term blood glucose levels within reasonable bounds, people with diabetes will benefit from knowledge about the disease and treatment, dietary improvements, and exercise. Furthermore, because of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, lifestyle changes are advised to reduce blood pressure. Weight loss can help people with diabetes avoid progressing from prediabetes to diabetes type 2, reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease, or even achieve a partial remission. There is no one diet that is suitable for all diabetics. Healthy eating habits, such as a high-fiber, low-carbohydrate diet, are often suggested. Low or very-low carbohydrate diets are a viable option for people with type 2 diabetes who are unable to reach glycemic targets or who want to reduce their anti-glycemic drugs. Any diet that results in weight loss is beneficial for overweight people with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Medications:
The majority of diabetes drugs work by lowering blood sugar levels through various mechanisms. There is widespread agreement that people with diabetes who maintain tight glucose regulation, that is, maintaining their blood glucose levels within normal ranges have less complications, such as kidney or eye problems.
Anti-diabetic drugs are divided into many categories. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy, preferably in the form of a "basal bolus" regimen that mimics natural insulin release by using long-acting insulin for the basal rate and short-acting insulin for meals. Type 2 diabetes is usually treated with oral medications (e.g. Metformin), though some people eventually require injectable insulin or GLP-1 agonists.
How to Control Diabetes Naturally?
Exercise Regularly:
Exercise will help you reach and maintain a healthy weight while also improving insulin sensitivity.
Increased insulin sensitivity means your cells can use the sugar in your bloodstream more efficiently.
Exercise also aids the use of blood sugar by the muscles for energy and muscle contraction.
Weightlifting, brisk walking, running, riding, dancing, hiking, and swimming are all beneficial types of exercise.
Maintain a healthy carbohydrate intake:
Carbs are broken down into sugars (mostly glucose) by your body, and insulin aids in the use and storage of sugar for energy.
When you consume too much carbohydrates or have issues with insulin, this mechanism breaks down, and blood glucose levels increase.
There are, however, a number of things you can do about it. These low carb diet is best recommended. meat, poultry, and seafoods, eggs, cheese, non-starchy vegetables.
Increase fibre Intake:
Fiber inhibits the digestion of carbohydrates and sugar absorption. As a result, it encourages a more steady increase in blood sugar levels.
Additionally, the type of fibre you consume can have an effect.
Fiber is divided into two types Soluble & insoluble
Although both are beneficial, soluble fibre has been shown to help with blood sugar control.
A high-fiber diet can also aid with type 1 diabetes management by improving the body's ability to control blood sugar and reducing blood sugar lows.
Fibre Rich Food
Fiber-rich foods are:
- Fresh fruits and vegetables
- Bitter Gourd
- Flaxseed
- Fenugreek Seed
- Chia seeds
- Cooked dried beans and peas
- Whole-grain breads, cereals, and crackers
- Brown rice
- Bran products
- Nuts and seeds
- Fruits, nuts, and legumes
- Grains in their entirety
Fiber consumption should be about 25 grammes for women and 38 grammes for men per day. For every 1,000 calories, that's around 14 grammes.
Keep hydrated by drinking water:
Drinking plenty of water will help you maintain a stable blood sugar level.
It helps the kidneys flush out extra sugar by urine, as well as avoiding dehydration.
According to one observational report, people who drank more water had a lower risk of having high blood sugar. Drinking water more frequent rehydrates the blood, reduces blood sugar levels, and lower the risk of diabetes.
Foods with a low glycemic index should be chosen:
The glycemic index is a measurement of how quickly foods are absorbed or digested, which influences blood sugar levels.
The amount and type of carbohydrates in a diet decide how it affects blood sugar levels.
Foods with a low glycemic index have been shown to lower blood sugar levels in diabetics.
Food for Diabetes
Low to moderate glycemic index foods include:
- Non-starchy vegetables,
- Bulgur
- Barley
- Yoghurt,
- Oats,
- Beans,
- Lentils,
- Legumes
- wheat pasta.
Control your stress levels:
Your blood sugar levels can be affected by stress.
Stress causes the release of hormones including glucagon and cortisol. Blood sugar levels rise as a result of these hormones.
Exercise, relaxation, and meditation decreased stress and blood sugar levels dramatically.
Avoid these things:
Alcohol:
If you have diabetes, you should avoid consuming alcohol because it can cause your blood sugar to rise or fall. Furthermore, alcohol is high in calories.
If you must drink, do so only when your diabetes and blood sugar levels are under control. Calorie present in alcohol should be taken care if you're on a calorie-controlled diet.
Avoid consuming food with rich in Sugar like:
Sugar-sweetened beverages, Trans fats, White bread, rice, and pasta, Fruit-flavored yogurt, Sweetened breakfast cereals, Honey, agave nectar, and maple syrup Flavored coffee drinks, Honey, agave nectar, and maple syrup, Fruit juice,
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