Elements: 118 Elements, Symbols, Atomic Numbers and Mass

Elements: 118 Elements, Symbols, Atomic Numbers and Atomic Mass

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in a systematic order determined by their ascending atomic numbers, reflecting the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number uniquely identifies each element, irrespective of the number of neutrons present. The number of protons also determines the quantity of electrons orbiting the nucleus, and the arrangement of these electrons primarily dictates the chemical behavior of an element.

In a periodic table organized by ascending atomic number, elements with similar chemical characteristics naturally align in the same column, known as a group. For example, all elements in Group 1A exhibit characteristics such as being relatively soft metals, reacting vigorously with water, and forming 1+ charges. Similarly, all elements in Group 8A are unreactive, monatomic gases at room temperature. This periodic arrangement highlights the recurring patterns in the properties of chemical elements as the atomic number increases.

Dmitri Mendeleev's original periodic table, published in 1869, arranged elements based on increasing atomic mass. During that era, the structure of the nucleus had not been discovered, and the understanding of the atom's interior was limited. Consequently, atomic mass served as the sole guiding principle. Subsequent advancements in nuclear physics revealed that it is the atomic number that governs the properties of elements.

Note: Please click the Elements Name in the table for detail information

Element List with Atomic Number & Mass
Atomic Number	Symbol	Name Click the elements	Atomic Mass	Phase at Standard State (25 °C)
1	H	Hydrogen	1.0079	Gas
2	He	Helium	4.0026	Gas
3	Li	Lithium	6.941	Solid
4	Be	Beryllium	9.0122	Solid
5	B	Boron	10.811	Solid
6	C	Carbon	12.0107	Solid
7	N	Nitrogen	14.0067	Gas
8	O	Oxygen	15.9994	Gas
9	F	Fluorine	18.9984	Gas
10	Ne	Neon	20.1797	Gas
11	Na	Sodium	22.9897	Solid
12	Mg	Magnesium	24.305	Solid
13	Al	Aluminium	26.9815	Solid
14	Si	Silicon	28.0855	Solid
15	P	Phosphorus	30.9738	Solid
16	S	Sulfur	32.065	Solid
17	Cl	Chlorine	35.453	Gas
18	Ar	Argon	39.948	Gas
19	K	Potassium	39.0983	Solid
20	Ca	Calcium	40.078	Solid
21	Sc	Scandium	44.9559	Solid
22	Ti	Titanium	47.867	Solid
23	V	Vanadium	50.9415	Solid
24	Cr	Chromium	51.9961	Solid
25	Mn	Manganese	54.938	Solid
26	Fe	Iron	55.845	Solid
27	Co	Cobalt	58.9332	Solid
28	Ni	Nickel	58.6934	Solid
29	Cu	Copper	63.546	Solid
30	Zn	Zinc	65.39	Solid
31	Ga	Gallium	69.723	Solid
32	Ge	Germanium	72.64	Solid
33	As	Arsenic	74.9216	Solid
34	Se	Selenium	78.96	Solid
35	Br	Bromine	79.904	Liquid
36	Kr	Krypton	83.8	Gas
37	Rb	Rubidium	85.4678	Solid
38	Sr	Strontium	87.62	Solid
39	Y	Yttrium	88.9059	Solid
40	Zr	Zirconium	91.224	Solid
41	Nb	Niobium	92.9064	Solid
42	Mo	Molybdenum	95.94	Solid
43	Tc	Technetium	98	Solid
44	Ru	Ruthenium	101.07	Solid
45	Rh	Rhodium	102.9055	Solid
46	Pd	Palladium	106.42	Solid
47	Ag	Silver	107.8682	Solid
48	Cd	Cadmium	112.411	Solid
49	In	Indium	114.818	Solid
50	Sn	Tin	118.71	Solid
51	Sb	Antimony	121.76	Solid
52	Te	Tellurium	127.6	Solid
53	I	Iodine	126.9045	Solid
54	Xe	Xenon	131.293	Gas
55	Cs	Cesium	132.9055	Solid
56	Ba	Barium	137.327	Solid
57	La	Lanthanum	138.9055	Solid
58	Ce	Cerium	140.116	Solid
59	Pr	Praseodymium	140.9077	Solid
60	Nd	Neodymium	144.24	Solid
61	Pm	Promethium	145	Solid
62	Sm	Samarium	150.36	Solid
63	Eu	Europium	151.964	Solid
64	Gd	Gadolinium	157.25	Solid
65	Tb	Terbium	158.9253	Solid
66	Dy	Dysprosium	162.5	Solid
67	Ho	Holmium	164.9303	Solid
68	Er	Erbium	167.259	Solid
69	Tm	Thulium	168.9342	Solid
70	Yb	Ytterbium	173.04	Solid
71	Lu	Lutetium	174.967	Solid
72	Hf	Hafnium	178.49	Solid
73	Ta	Tantalum	180.9479	Solid
74	W	Tungsten	183.84	Solid
75	Re	Rhenium	186.207	Solid
76	Os	Osmium	190.23	Solid
77	Ir	Iridium	196.9665	Solid
78	Pt	Platinum	192.217	Solid
79	Au	Gold	195.078	Solid
80	Hg	Mercury	200.59	Liquid
81	Tl	Thallium	204.3833	Solid
82	Pb	Lead	207.2	Solid
83	Bi	Bismuth	208.9804	Solid
84	Po	Polonium	209	Solid
85	At	Astatine	210	Solid
86	Rn	Radon	222	Gas
87	Fr	Francium	223	Solid
88	Ra	Radium	226	Solid
89	Ac	Actinium	227	Solid
90	Th	Thorium	232.0381	Solid
91	Pa	Protactinium	231.0359	Solid
92	U	Uranium	238.0289	Solid
93	Np	Neptunium	237	Solid
94	Pu	Plutonium	244	Solid
95	Am	Americium	243	Solid
96	Cm	Curium	247	Solid
97	Bk	Berkelium	247	Solid
98	Cf	Californium	251	Solid
99	Es	Einsteinium	252	Solid
100	Fm	Fermium	257	Unknown Phase
101	Md	Mendelevium	258	Unknown Phase
102	No	Nobelium	259	Unknown Phase
103	Lr	Lawrencium	262	Unknown Phase
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	261	Unknown Phase
105	Db	Dubnium	262	Unknown Phase
106	Sg	Seaborgium	266	Unknown Phase
107	Bh	Bohrium	264	Unknown Phase
108	Hs	Hassium	277	Unknown Phase
109	Mt	Meitnerium	268	Unknown Phase
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	261.9	Unknown Phase
111	Rg	Roentgenium	271.8	Unknown Phase
112	Cn	Copernicium	285	Unknown Phase
113	Nh	Nihonium	286	Unknown Phase
114	Fl	Flerovium	289	Unknown Phase
115	Mc	Moscovium	290.196	Unknown Phase
116	Lv	Livermorium	293	Unknown Phase
117	Ts	Tennessine	294	Unknown Phase
118	Og	Oganesson	294	Unknown Phase

The atomic number and atomic mass are two fundamental properties of atoms.

1. Atomic Number:

The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons found in its nucleus.
It uniquely identifies an element.
Elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number.
For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 because it has one proton in its nucleus, while oxygen has an atomic number of 8 because it has eight protons.

2. Atomic Mass:

The atomic mass of an atom is the total mass of its protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atomic mass is measured in atomic mass units (amu) or unified atomic mass units (u).
Since electrons have a much smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons, their contribution to the atomic mass is usually negligible in calculations.
The atomic mass is not a whole number because it takes into account the presence of isotopes (atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons).
The atomic mass can be found on the periodic table below the symbol of each element, often expressed as a decimal.

In summary, the atomic number identifies the element based on the number of protons, while the atomic mass represents the total mass of the atom, taking into consideration protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Also Read:

Phosphorus | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Silicon | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Aluminum | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Magnesium | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Sodium | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Neon | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Fluorine | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Oxygen | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Nitrogen | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Carbon | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts

Boron | Descriptions, Chemical and Physical Properties, Uses & Facts